The “opioid crisis” refers to the epidemic of opioid drug use that began in the late 1990s. More access to treatment and availability of naloxone (Narcan) are making a difference.

While the opioid crisis remains a public health concern, recent data shows improvement.

There were an estimated 80,391 drug overdose deaths in the U.S. in 2024—a 26.9% decrease from 2023. This is the largest year-over-year decline in overdose deaths in decades. Massachusetts also saw a decrease in drug overdose deaths, which fell 11% in 2024.

Opioids are drugs that reduce pain. Common opioids include:

• Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
• Oxycodone (Percocet, OxyContin)
• Codeine
• Methadone (Dolophine, Metadol)
• Fentanyl (Sublimaze, Instanyl) – now the most common opioid involved in overdoses
• Morphine (Kadian, Avinza)
• Heroin (illegal opioid)

Please click here for a complete list.¹

Opioids can be safe when used as prescribed for short periods. But they carry significant risks:

• Addiction potential. Even when taken as prescribed, opioids can lead to addiction
• Overdose risk. Taking too much can slow or stop breathing, leading to death
• Over time, higher doses may be needed for the same pain relief
• Withdrawal symptoms. Suddenly stopping or changing dosage of opioids can cause severe discomfort

Opioid misuse includes:

• Taking medication in a way or dose other than prescribed
• Taking someone else’s prescription
• Using the medication to feel “high” or relaxed
• Combining opioids with alcohol or other substances

Addiction can develop even when opioids are used exactly as prescribed by a doctor. Opioids change brain chemistry by affecting areas that control:

• Reward and pleasure systems
• Memory and learning
• Response to stress
• Decision-making

People can often feel ill when the drug effects wear off. It can make it hard to stop taking the medication. Opioid withdrawal symptoms may include:

• pain
• nausea
• diarrhea
• increased sweating
• anxiety/irritability
• chills
• body aches
• inability to sleep
• cravings

This can make it very difficult to stop using the medication, even when someone wants to quit.

Yes, opioid addiction is a treatable medical condition. There are many effective treatments for managing addiction, like medication and counseling.

Evidence-based treatments include:

• Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD):
  • Methadone
  • Buprenorphine (Suboxone)
  • Naltrexone (Vivitrol)
• Behavioral therapies:
  • Cognitive-behavioral therapy
  • Contingency management
  • Support groups

Combining medication and counseling is the most effective approach to treatment and recovery.

Even when taken as prescribed, opioids can cause side effects including:

• Trouble breathing
• Confusion
• Constipation
• Depression
• Dry mouth
• Higher sensitivity to pain
• Itching and sweating
• Nausea and vomiting
• Sleepiness and dizziness
• Mood changes including depression

• Take only as directed by your provider
• Never take more pills or take them more often than prescribed
• Discuss concerns about pain management and addiction risk with your doctor
• Ask about non-opioid pain management options first
• Use opioids for the shortest time possible
• Work with your CCA care team to track your treatment
• Store medications securely and dispose of unused pills properly

• Avoid alcohol while taking opioids
• Check with your doctor or pharmacist about interactions with other medications
• Store all medicines securely, away from children and others
• Never share pain medication with other people
• Get all opioid prescriptions from one provider and one pharmacy when possible
• Follow up often with your provider and CCA care team about your care
• Talk to your provider and CCA team about getting Naloxone (“Narcan”)
• If you’re in recovery and need surgery, work with your CCA team to develop a safe pain management plan

Naloxone (brand name “Narcan”) is a life-saving medication. It can reverse an opioid overdose. In case of emergency, if naloxone is needed, call 9-1-1 should immediately.

CCA provides all members access to Narcan at no cost. You don’t need a prescription—simply ask for Narcan at your pharmacy and show your CCA member ID card. Your care team can train you on proper use.

Yes, there are other effective treatments for managing pain. These may include non-opioid medications, such as NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen)

Non-medication treatments include:

• Physical therapy
• Occupational therapy
• Aquatic therapy
• Massage therapy
• Acupuncture
• Cognitive behavioral therapy
• Mindfulness and meditation
• Heat and cold therapy

CCA may cover these alternative treatments when they are part of your care plan. Some treatments may need you receive prior authorization. Talk with your care team about the best options for your specific situation.